Spontaneous vascular flora of the historical monumental cemetery of Modena (N-Italy)

The first floristic study of the historical monumental cemetery San Cataldo in Modena (N-Italy) is presented. research was performed period 2019–2022, considering only spontaneous individuals growing within area (4.8 ha). A total 266 taxa (species and subspecies) found, which 1 new for flora Italy ( Malus × robusta ‘John Downie’), 2 administrative region Emilia-Romagna Calocedrus decurrens Salvia haematodes ) province Epilobium ciliatum ). Therophytes prevail (37.6%), followed by hemicryptophytes (31.6%), phanerophytes (16.2%) geophytes (11.7%). chorological spectrum dominated Eurasian species (32.0%), Mediterranean (26.3%), Cosmopolitan (24.8%), Boreal (6%) N-American (4.5%) ones. Allochthonous are 16.5% list, with neophytes always prevailing over archaeophytes (28 vs. 9 species). Invasive 67.8% neophytes; on a regional scale they 1.5% list. Protected 2.6% total; 3 them internationally protected included red list Italian flora. This confirms great biological richness urban environments potential cemeteries as refugium conservation that have become rare, endangered or infrequent at national level, because heavy human impact territory.